What procedure must occur before applying pit and fissure sealants?

Before applying pit and fissure sealants, etching of enamel surfaces is a crucial procedure. The etching process involves the application of a mild acidic solution to the enamel, which creates a roughened surface that enhances the bonding of the sealant material. This micro-etching increases the surface area for the sealant to adhere effectively, ensuring that the sealant remains in place and provides adequate protection against decay in the vulnerable grooves of the teeth.

While obtaining patient consent is an essential step in any dental procedure, it is not specific to the application of sealants. The removal of decay is typically a procedure performed when there are existing cavities, but sealants are intended for prevention rather than treatment of existing decay. Polishing of adjacent teeth, while beneficial for overall dental care, does not directly relate to the effectiveness of the sealant application. Therefore, the appropriate and necessary step before sealant application is indeed the etching of enamel surfaces.